What is one method to reduce sand concentration in water?

To effectively reduce sand concentration in water, employing filtration systems is an established method that works directly to remove solid particles, including sand, from the water. Filtration systems can utilize various media—such as sand filters, membrane filters, or cartridge filters—to physically trap and separate sand particles from the water, thus improving water quality.

The application of sodium or calcium hypochlorite is primarily aimed at disinfection rather than the removal of solid particles like sand. While it can contribute to microbial control and water treatment, it does not address the reduction of sand concentration.

Increasing the water flow rate might seem reasonable in certain contexts, but it can actually cause more sediment to remain in suspension or even increase the sand concentration if the flow does not include mechanisms for removal.

Using chemical coagulants is beneficial for removing finely suspended particles from water, allowing them to agglomerate and settle out. However, this method is more effective for colloidal or very fine materials rather than coarse sand.

Therefore, utilizing filtration systems stands out as the most direct and effective method for reducing sand concentration in water.